A Paris court has sentenced Islamic scholar Tariq Ramadan to 18 years in prison after finding him guilty of raping three women.The verdict follows a separate conviction in Switzerland two years earlier for a different sexual assault.The case in France surfaced in 2017 amid the wider Me Too movement, when two of the three complainants first went public. The women said the assaults took place in...

Italy is holding a weekend referendum on changes to its constitution that would alter how judges and prosecutors are governed.What began as a technical tweak has morphed into a political showdown that could reshape Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni’s standing.The measure would split the career tracks of judges and prosecutors, set up separate governing bodies for each and create a new disciplinary...

A Polish court has ruled that Russian archaeologist Alexander Butyagin can be handed over to Ukraine to face charges over alleged illegal excavations and the removal of artefacts from Crimea.Butyagin has been held in a Warsaw detention centre since his arrest in December at Kyiv's request.The judge in Warsaw, Dariusz Łubowski, made the decision that could lead to extradition, though Butyagin’s...

A recent Oscar-winning documentary has exposed how Russia’s wartime messaging has seeped into primary schools, placing children at the center of an expanding state-led patriotic program.Footage from a provincial town in the Urals, filmed by school events organiser Pavel Talankin, shows pupils taking part in flag ceremonies, scripted lessons and other activities that promote a...

A Warsaw judge has ruled that Russian archaeologist Alexander Butyagin may be handed over to Ukraine to face criminal charges, a decision his team says it will challenge in appeal.Judge Dariusz Łubowski's finding does not end the case — Poland's justice minister must make the final call on extradition if the ruling stands.Butyagin, a senior researcher at the Hermitage Museum in St Petersburg,...

Surgery has been practiced for thousands of years, evolving from crude procedures to sophisticated medical interventions. The earliest recorded surgeries date back to prehistoric times, with evidence found in ancient human skulls.Trepanation: The Oldest Known Surgery (~7000 BCE)The earliest form of surgery was trepanation, a procedure where a hole was drilled or scraped into the...

The evolution of the camera is a fascinating journey through time, blending art, science, and technology. From the earliest experiments with light and shadow to today's advanced digital photography, the history of cameras reflects humanity’s enduring desire to capture and preserve moments.The Beginnings: Camera ObscuraThe term camera obscura, meaning "dark chamber" in Latin, refers to the...