If you notice unusual changes in your legs, such as sudden swelling, it could be a potential sign of bladder cancer. The NHS explains this happens when a growth of abnormal tissue, known as a tumour, develops in the bladder lining.

In some cases, the tumour may spread into the bladder muscle. The most common symptom is blood in the urine, which is typically painless. Even if the bleeding is intermittent and causes no discomfort, it’s important to see your GP if you notice blood in your urine.

What are the signs and symptoms of bladder cancer?

Blood in your urine is the most common symptom of bladder cancer. The medical name for this is haematuria.

Signs to look out for include streaks of blood in your urine or the blood may turn your urine brown. The blood isn't always noticeable and it may come and go - but this doesn't mean you should brush it off.

Less common symptoms of bladder cancer include:

• a need to urinate on a more frequent basis
• sudden urges to urinate
• a burning sensation when passing urine

If bladder cancer reaches an advanced stage and has spread, symptoms can include:

• pelvic pain
• bone pain
• unintentional weight loss
• swelling of the legs

What types of bladder cancer are there?

The type of bladder cancer is based on its spread and location. If the cancerous cells are confined to the bladder lining, it is known as non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (early bladder cancer), which is the most common type.

If the cancer grows beyond the lining and into the surrounding bladder muscle, it is classified as muscle-invasive bladder cancer (or invasive bladder cancer). Although less common, this type has a higher risk of spreading to other parts of the body. When bladder cancer spreads to distant areas, it is referred to as advanced or metastatic bladder cancer.

When should I see my GP?

If you notice blood in your urine, even if it comes and goes, you should consult your GP. While blood in the urine isn't always a sign of bladder cancer, it can be caused by several other, more common conditions, including:

• a urinary tract infections (UTIs), such as cystitis
• a kidney infection
• kidney stones
• non-gonococcal urethritis
• an enlarged prostate gland in men