Dog owners in England and Wales risk a £1,000 fine throughout Summer if they make one common mistake.

Between March 1 and July 31, a law is in place to to protect ground-nesting birds and livestock, but owners may break it without even realising. 

During this time, not keeping your dog on a short lead in open access land, such as moorland, forests, lakes, or beaches, risks a maximum fine of £1,000, under regulations such as Public Space Protection Orders.

This is because dogs can pose a significant threat to ground-nesting birds, sheep and grazing livestock, and their faeces can also transmit harmful diseases.

In 2023, farmers collectively faced a £2.4 million bill for their animals that were severely injured or killed by dogs, up nearly 30 percent compared to the previous year, according to figures from National Farmers Union Mutual.

The England and Wales Countryside Code adds that dogs should be kept on a lead year-round near farm animals, and by law, farmers are entitled to destroy a dog that injures or worries their animals.

Dog experts at Dog Friendly Retreats explained that ground-nesting birds, which are in decline in the UK, can be scared by dogs before they breed, or have their eggs trampled on. 

Birds such as meadow pipits hide their eggs in grassy areas on commons, while birds such as willow warblers tuck themselves away at the base of trees and bushes. 

The dog experts also noted if the pet damages someone’s property or injures an animal, the owner would be liable, putting them at risk of prosecution.

In general, dog owners don't have to put dogs on a lead on public paths, as long as they are under close control, according to the countryside code.

It also advises that you should let your dog off the lead if a farm animal chases you, as it avoids risking getting hurt by trying to protect them.